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发表于 2021-3-25 12:24:44
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来自 江苏苏州
在 地中海沿岸和美索不达米亚,公元前2000年—1600BC,巴比伦人著作了诊断手册(Diagnostic Handbook)。著作中对诊断、预后、体检和处方作出了定义,并出现了“理性与经验主义相结合”的治疗思路,且非常强调“疾病预防、卫生、保健与“养 生之道”的重要性:
The commands concern prophylaxis and suppression of epidemics, suppression of venereal disease and prostitution, care of the skin, baths, food, housing and clothing, regulation of labor, sexual life, discipline of the people, etc. Many of these commands, such as Sabbath rest, circumcision, laws concerning food (interdiction of blood and pork), measures concerning menstruating and lying-in women and those suffering from gonorrhea, isolation of lepers, and hygiene of the camp, are, in view of the conditions of the climate, surprisingly rational." (Neuburger: History of Medicine, Oxford University Press, 1910, Vol. I, p. 38).
在大约公元700年前的古希腊与罗马时期,出现了第一所医学院(Cnidus),在里面任职的Alcmaeon著作了第一部系统的人体解剖学著作。自此同时,希腊发展出了追求“体液平衡”的医学思想。
之后,在公元前460—377年, 现代医学之父,希波克拉底,著成了Hippocratic Corpus,他的Hippocratic Oath,医务道德誓词, 在一九四八年改写为《世界医学会日内瓦宣言》:
“我以阿波罗及诸神的名义宣誓:我要恪守誓约,矢忠不渝。对传授我医术的老师,我要像父母一样敬重。对我的儿子、老师的儿子以及我的门徒,我要悉心传授医 学知 识。我要竭尽全力,采取我认为有利于病人的医疗措施,不给病人带来痛苦与危害。我不把毒药给任何人,也决不授意别人使用它。我要清清白白地行医和生活。无 论进入谁家,只是为了治病,不为所欲为,不接受贿赂,不勾引异性。对看到或听到不应外传的私生活,我决不泄露。如果我违反了上述誓言,请神给我以相应的处 罚。”
At the time of being admitted as a member of the medical profession ,I solemnly pledge myself to consecrate my life to the service of humanity: I will give to my teachers the respect and gratitude which is their due; I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity; The health and life of my patient will be my first consideration; I will respect the secrets which are confided in me; I will maintain by all means in my power, the honor and the noble traditions of the medical profession; My colleagues will be my brothers: I will not permit considerations of religion, nationality, race, party politics or social standing to intervene between my duty and my patient; I will maintain the utmost respect for human life, from the time of its conception, even under threat, I will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity; I make these promises solemnly, freely and upon my honor... ---------Declaration of Geneva, The Second General Assembly of the World Medical Association, 1948。
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